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Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 1 author is not known and will probably never be known.
Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people’s 2 of the real author 3 their perception of the message. Also other people may want to 4 certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more 5 evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been common that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their 6 was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 7 of people, for example when reporting results of scientific study, when describing individual cases.
Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctors or lawyer and reveal personal information which is protected. In some 8 , for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially 9 to allow people to consult a priest, without seeing him face to face.
The anonymity in 10 situation is however not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a 11 crime, some countries allow or even require that lawyer tell the 12 . The decision to do so is not easy,since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plans a crime, may often do this to 13 their feeling more than their real intention.
Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as 14 that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent on the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for 15 reasons.
1. A. strange B. ordinary C. ridiculous D. famous
2. A. preconception B. worship C. admiration D. discrimination
3. A. color B. destroy C. distinguish D. prefer
4. A. show B. conceal C. cancel D. distain
5. A. funny B. unbiased C. fresh D. straight
6. A. religion B. belief C. idea D. synagogue
7. A. possession B. honor C. privacy D. reputation
8. A. countries B. files C. regions D. cases
9. A. cleaned B. put C. designed D. automated
10. A. confessional B. church C. other D. private
11. A. casual B. serious C. medium D. temporary
12. A. police B. confessor C. boss D. priest
13. A. keep B. leak C. intensify D. express
14. A. insulting B. important C. forgivable D. proud
15. A. unknown B. striking C. obvious D. intimate
答案及解析：
1.【答案】D。解析：A选项为“奇怪的”，B选项为“普通的”，C选项为“荒谬的”，D选项为“著名的”。莎士比亚为著名作家。故选D。
2.【答案】B。解析：A 选项为“偏见”，B选项为“崇拜”，C选项为“羡慕”，D选项为“歧视”。著名人士不用真名是为了避免人们的崇拜。故选B。
3.【答案】D。解析：A选项为“涂色”，B选项为“摧毁”，C选项为“区分”，D选项为“更想要”。用假名的目的是为了得到人们的真实看法。故选D。
4.【答案】A。解析：A 选项为“展示”，B选项为“隐藏”，C选项为“取消”，D选项为“鄙视”。人们想展示自己的固定信息。故选A。
5.【答案】D。解析：A选项为“有意思的”，B选项为“无偏见的”，C选项为“新鲜的”，D选项为“直接的”。根据句意可知不用真名是为了获得直接的信息评估。故选D。
6.【答案】A。解析：A选项为“宗教”，B选项为“信任”，C选项为“想法”，D选项为“犹太教堂”。犹太人在自己宗教被破坏的地方会使用假名。故选A。
7.【答案】C。解析：A选项为“财产”，B选项为“荣誉”，C选项为“隐私”，D选项为“名声”。匿名是为了保护人们的隐私。故选C。
8.【答案】A。解析：A选项为“国家”，B选项为“文件夹”，C选项为“区域”，D选项为“案例”。不同国家对匿名的使用是不一样的。故选A。
9.【答案】C。解析：A选项为“清扫”，B选项为“放置”，C选项为“设计”，D选项为“自动化”。有的告解室专门设计成非面对面咨询牧师的样子。故选C。
10.【答案】A。解析：A选项为“忏悔的”，B选项为“教堂”，C选项为“其他的”，D选项为“私人的”。在忏悔的情况中匿名不是100%被使用。故选A。
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